Colic is a disorder in which an infant has episodes of excessive crying, irritability and apparent abdominal pain. Though colic, named for the colon, has been blamed on gas, the exact cause is not known. One-fifth of all babies develop colic, usually between the second and fourth weeks. Colic usually lasts until the third or fourth month, when it generally disappears on its own.

Infants will cry uncontrollably, which often occurs at a predictable time of day or night. Some infants will cry almost constantly. This excessive crying causes the infant to swallow air, resulting in gas and abdominal swelling. Evidence suggests that colic is due to the baby’s extreme sensitivity to stimulation. The baby’s nervous system is not fully mature, which results in the baby being unable to regulate crying once it begins. As the baby matures, he or she is better able to regulate crying.

In some breastfed babies, colic could be a sign of sensitivity to a particular food in a mother’s diet. Rarely, colic can be caused by sensitivity to milk protein in formula. Colicky behavior can signal a medical problem, such as a hernia, or some type of illness. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or blood or mucus in the stool are not symptoms of colic. If a baby has crying episodes along with these symptoms, he or she needs to be examined by a doctor.

Colic is diagnosed by excluding other causes of crying and irritability.

Coping with colic

Because colic is not actually an illness, home treatment is all that is needed. Home treatment will not stop colicky behavior, but may decrease the intensity of the incident. An infant suffering from colic may quiet down when held, rocked or gently patted. Steady rhythmic motion and sound may help the baby fall asleep. The steady sound of a vacuum, washing machine or radio may sooth the baby. An active, restless baby may respond to being swaddled in a blanket.  

It might be helpful to keep a log of your baby’s fussy periods. This can help determine what seems to trigger or relieve the episodes.  

Keeping your sanity with a colicky baby

The one usually most affected by a colicky baby is the parent. A fussy, crying baby can lead to frustration and strained family relationships. Parents with a colicky infant are encouraged to take a break by having a friend, relative or baby sitter stay with the infant occasionally. Even an hour or two away will help you calm your nerves and maintain a positive attitude. These breaks are important to help parents avoid fatigue and exhaustion. As difficult as it may be, it’s important for the parent to remain relaxed. Your baby can sense your tension, which could make the episodes of distress worse.